Construção e validação de cartilha educativa sobre suporte básico de vida para estudantes do ensino médio / Construction and validation of an educational booklet on basic life support for high school students / Construcción y validación de carpeta educativa sobre soporte vital básico para estudiantes de secundaria

O objetivo deste estudo é construir e validar uma cartilha educativa para estudantes do ensino médio sobre Suporte Básico de Vida nas escolas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa metodológica, realizada em três etapas. Na primeira etapa foi realizada revisão bibliográfica, na segunda etapa procedeu-se a elaboração da cartilha educativa e por fim, a validação do material por especialistas. Entre os resultados destaca-se que a cartilha aborda as principais recomendações acerca da segurança do socorrista e suporte básico de vida no adulto e possui 14 páginas. Conclui-se que todos os itens da cartilha educativa obtiveram índice de validade de conteúdo maior que 0,82 conseguindo a validação.

The objective of this study is to build and validate an educational booklet for high school students about Basic Life Support in schools. This is a methodological research, carried out in three stages. In the first stage, a bibliographic review was carried out, in the second stage, the educational booklet was elaborated and, finally, the material was validated by specialists in the subject. Among the results, it is highlighted that the booklet addresses the main recommendations regarding rescuer safety and basic adult life support and has 14 pages. It was concluded that all items in the educational booklet had a content validity index greater than 0.82, achieving validation.

El objetivo de este estudio es construir y validar una cartilla educativa para estudiantes de secundaria sobre Soporte Vital Básico en las escuelas. Se trata de una investigación metodológica, realizada en tres etapas. En la primera etapa se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, en la segunda etapa se elaboró la cartilla educativa y, finalmente, el material fue validado por especialistas en el tema. Entre los resultados, se destaca que la cartilla aborda las principales recomendaciones sobre seguridad del reanimador y soporte vital básico del adulto y tiene 14 páginas. Se concluyó que todos los ítems de la cartilla educativa tuvieron un índice de validez de contenido superior a 0,82, lográndose la validación.

Nursing, history, and orthopedics in manuals (1875-1928).

OBJECTIVES: to discuss the content of manuals, with emphasis on orthopedics, in support of the development of nursing care culture. METHODS: cultural-historical method articulated with document analysis technique. The sources were nursing manuals - Portuguese, French, English, and Spanish - from 1875 to 1928. RESULTS: this study pointed to 12 works - 6 authored by physicians, 2 by nurses, 3 institutional, and 1 by a Sister of Charity - that presented, in a transversal way, the professionalization process initiated in Europe. The manuals addressed first aid care and immobilization methods, from the simplest, such as improvised splints, to the application of plaster casts. CONCLUSIONS: the nurses' work, even in a limited capacity, showed that they were able to observe warning signs so that doctors could act, with some exceptions.

Artificial Intelligence Technology-Based Medical Information Processing and Emergency First Aid Nursing Management.

This study was aimed at exploring the new management mode of medical information processing and emergency first aid nursing management under the new artificial intelligence technology. This study will use the artificial intelligence algorithm to optimize medical information processing and emergency first aid nursing management process, in order to improve the efficiency of emergency department and first aid efficiency. The successful rescue rates of hemorrhagic shock, coma, dyspnea, and more than three organs injury were 96.7%, 92.5%, 93.7%, and 87.2%, respectively, after the emergency first aid nursing mode was used in the hospital emergency center. The success rates of first aid within three years were compared, which were 91.8%, 93.4%, and 94.2%, respectively, showing an increasing trend year by year. 255 emergency patients in five batches in June and five batches in July were selected as the research objects by convenience sampling method. Among them, 116 cases in June were taken as the experimental group, and 139 cases in July were taken as the control group, which was used to verify the efficiency of the design model in this study. The results showed that the triage time of the two groups was 8.16 ± 2.07 min and 19.21 ± 6.36 min, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The triage coincidence rates were 96.35% and 90.04%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The research proved that the design of intelligent medical information processing and emergency first aid nursing management research model can effectively improve the triage efficiency of the wounded, assist the efficiency of emergency nursing of medical staff, and improve the survival rate of emergency patients, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Perspectivas académicas de estudiantes de enfermería en la asignatura de Primeros Auxilios / Academic perspectives of nursing students in the subject of First Aid

INTRODUCCIÓN: La inserción de los programas de Primeros Auxilios en el currículum de Enfermería proporcionan en la población estudiantil aprendizaje experiencial y competencias ya en etapas tempranas del modelaje académico. OBJETIVO: Descubrir las perspectivas académicas que le otorgan los estudiantes de la carrera de enfermería a la asignatura de Primeros Auxilios en el currículum. METODOLOGÍA: Investigación cualitativa, exploratoria, con enfoque fenomenológico social de acuerdo con Alfred Schultz. La muestra se conformó por 15 informantes claves, criterio de inclusión: ser estudiante matriculado en el año lectivo y estar curricularmente al día. Recolección de datos se formaron dos grupos focales. La transcripción de la data verbal fue realizada mediante metodología de Jefferson, se cumplió con los criterios de rigor y éticos. RESULTADOS: Emergieron tres categorías: Aporte que tiene Primeros Auxilios en el desarrollo de las competencias genéricas, Identidad profesional y Sugerencias para la asignatura de Primeros Auxilios. De las competencias genéricas destaca Comunicación y toma de decisiones; de la segunda sobresale el rol educativo y asistencial que se enmarca como contribución profesional y las sugerencias apuntan a que debería incluirse Primeros Auxilios psicológicos y rodear un enfoque innovador que tenga en cuenta las redes sociales. CONCLUSIONES: Los discentes sí asocian la asignatura con su currículum. Se reconocieron competencias genéricas como: Conocimiento, Motivación, Liderazgo, Comunicación y Toma de decisiones. Como contribución profesional se identificaron el rol educativo y rol asistencial; no se visualizan roles administrativos ni investigación. Sugerencia: incorporación de primeros auxilios psicológicos y elaboración de interacciones digitales aplicadas en redes sociales.

BACKGROUND: The insertion of First Aid programs in the Nursing curriculum provides the student population with experiential learning and skills already in the early stages of academic modeling. OBJECTIVE: To discover the academic perspectives that nursing students give to the subject of First Aid in the curriculum. METHODOLOGY: Qualitative, exploratory research, with a social phenomenological approach according to Alfred Schultz. The sample was made up of 15 key informants, inclusion criteria: being a student enrolled in the school year and being up to date with the curriculum. Data collection Two focus groups were formed. The transcription of the verbal data was carried out using the Jefferson methodology, the rigor and ethical criteria were met. RESULTS: Three categories emerged: Contribution that First Aid has in the development of generic skills, Professional identity and Suggestions for the First Aid subject. Of the generic competences, Communication and decision-making stand out; of the second, the educational and care role that is framed as a professional contribution stands out and the suggestions point to the fact that Psychological First Aid should be included and surround an innovative approach that takes into account social networks. CONCLUSIONS: The students do associate the subject with their curriculum. Generic competences such as: Knowledge, Motivation, Leadership, Communication and Decision-making were recognized. Professional contribution, educational role and care role were identified, administrative or research roles are not displayed. Suggestion: incorporation of psychological first aid and elaboration of digital interactions applied in social networks.

Contextualization of Psychological First Aid: An Integrative Literature Review.

PURPOSE: Contextualization of psychological first aid (PFA) in different cultural, political, and socioeconomic contexts and in different population groups is essential. This review analyzes the efforts that have been made to contextualize PFA in different parts of the world for different disasters and emergencies. DESIGN: Integrative literature review. METHODS: The major databases that were searched for related literature published until August 2019 included JBI, MEDLINE, Embase, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), BIOSIS, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and PsycINFO. A total of 17 studies published in peer-reviewed journals were included. The review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) model, and the 6W3H tool was applied to synthesize the results. FINDINGS: PFA has been adapted to various disasters and populations in different countries and regions. The organizations that administer PFA range from community level to national level. Professional or "outside helpers" who enter disaster-affected locations include psychologists, fire fighters, social workers, and nurses. "Inside helpers," who live and work in the disaster-affected areas, include HR staff, teachers, and peer emergency personnel. Only a few studies have reported the exact number of first responders who administered PFA. Some studies revised PFA as group based, and a few reported the classification of groups of victims. Notably, all adaptations adhered to the basic principles of PFA, and the time at which PFA was administered ranged from a few days to months after an incident. PFA was conducted on site in all studies. The selection of the location depended on the type of disaster and local situation with due consideration of safety. Only a few studies specified the rationale for revising the PFA. None of these 17 studies reported the cost, cost-benefit, or cost-effectiveness of PFA. CONCLUSIONS: Population-focused, context-specific, and group-based PFA is emerging worldwide. Nurses are actively playing a role in providing PFA. Research gaps exist in differentiating between the roles played by "outside" and "inside" responders, considering vulnerable age groups other than children, incorporating the major PFA concepts such as resilience, and evaluating the cost-effectiveness of PFA. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: It is imperative that nurses and other emergency staff consider the intersection of age, gender, cultural, political, social economic, and spiritual contexts when developing a context appropriate PFA.

Conhecimento de estudantes de enfermagem sobre parada cardiorrespiratória: estudo transversal / Conocimiento de los estudiantes de enfermería sobre parada cardiorrespiratoria: estudio transversal / Knowledge of nursing students on cardiorespiratory arrest: a cross-sectional study

Objetivo avaliar o conhecimento de estudantes de enfermagem sobre o atendimento ao paciente em parada cardiorrespiratória. Método estudo transversal com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 136 acadêmicos do curso de enfermagem de uma instituição de ensino superior. Os dados foram coletados por meio de instrumento semiestruturado. A análise efetivou-se por meio da estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados os discentes que se autoavaliaram positivamente, mostraram um bom nível de conhecimento sobre a temática (r=0,29; p=0,001), assim como aqueles que haviam cursado a disciplina de primeiros socorros em períodos anteriores (p=0,012). As questões nas quais obtiveram erro foram aquelas a respeito das vias de administração da droga e suporte ventilatório em pacientes não intubados. Conclusão os discentes de enfermagem demonstraram um nível adequado de compreensão dos protocolos sobre o atendimento ao paciente em parada cardiorrespiratória e possuíam arcabouço teórico obtido na disciplina de primeiros socorros, bem como em cursos de aperfeiçoamento.

Objetivo evaluar el conocimiento de los estudiantes de enfermería sobre el cuidado de los pacientes en parada cardiorrespiratoria. Método estudio transversal con abordaje cuantitativo, realizado con 136 estudiantes de enfermería de una institución de educación superior. Los datos fueron recogidos por medio de un instrumento semiestructurado. El análisis se realizó a través de estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados los estudiantes que se evaluaron positivamente mostraron un buen nivel de conocimiento sobre el tema (r=0,29; p=0,001), así como los que habían asistido al curso de primeros auxilios en períodos anteriores (p=0,012). Las preguntas en las que obtuvieron error fueron las relativas a las vías de administración del fármaco y soporte ventilatorio en pacientes no intubados. Conclusión los estudiantes de enfermería demostraron un adecuado nivel de comprensión de los protocolos sobre el cuidado de pacientes en parada cardiorrespiratoria y contaron con un marco teórico obtenido en la disciplina de primeros auxilios, así como en cursos de perfeccionamiento.

Objective to evaluate the knowledge of nursing students about the care of patients in cardiorespiratory arrest. Method cross-sectional study with quantitative approach, conducted with 136 nursing students from a higher education institution. Data were collected using a semi-structured instrument. The analysis was performed through descriptive and inferential statistics. Results the students who positively evaluated themselves showed a good level of knowledge about the theme (r=0.29; p=0.001), as well as those who had attended the first aid course in previous periods (p=0.012). The questions they made mistakes were those regarding the routes of administration of the drug and ventilatory support in non-intubated patients. Conclusion the nursing students demonstrated an adequate level of understanding of the protocols on the care of patients in cardiorespiratory arrest and had a theoretical framework obtained in the discipline of first aid, as well as in improvement courses

Situación de la formación Universitaria en primeros auxilios de los futuros docentes en España / University training situation in first aid for future teachers in Spain

La comunidad sanitaria (profesionales de la medicina, enfermería, etc.) se centra, cada vez más, en concienciar sobre la importancia y la utilidad de los primeros auxilios, en la atención de los accidentes y situaciones críticas de salud, especialmente en menores. Es por ello que la formación en primeros auxilios para el personal docente se considera de suma importancia, lo que además se apoya en la recomendación de impartir estos contenidos desde los propios centros educativos y comenzar incluso desde cortas edades. OBJETIVO PRINCIPAL: analizar la situación actual respecto a la formación universitaria en primeros auxilios ofertada a los futuros docentes de los grados públicos de Educación Infantil y Educación Primaria del territorio español. METODOLOGÍA: estudio transversal descriptivo de análisis de documentos. RESULTADOS PRINCIPALES: un 28% de los 194 grados analizados han incluido en sus planes de estudio asignaturas o contenidos específicos sobre primeros auxilios. En estos casos, los formadores responsables de estos contenidos suelen ser titulados en medicina o enfermería. CONCLUSION PRINCIPAL: concluimos que aún no existe un consenso ni compromiso unánime, por parte de las universidades, por incluir los primeros auxilios como contenidos esenciales en la formación de los futuros profesionales de la educación

The community of healthcare providers (doctors, nurses, etc.) focuses more and more on increasing awareness about the importance and usefulness of first aid when dealing with accidents and critical health situations, especially in minors. That is why first aid training for teachers is considered to be the utmost importance, which is also leant by the recommendation to provide these contents from the schools and to start even at a young age. MAIN AIM: analyse the current situation with respect to the University training in first aid offered within publicly provided degrees to future teachers of infant primary education in Spanish territory. METHODOLOGY: the study was a cross-sectional descriptive content analysis of relevant documents. RESULTS: show that 28% of the 194 degrees analysed included plans or specific content about first aid within the course. In those cases, the responsible trainers of these contents are usually Graduates of Medicine or Nursing. CONCLUSION: there is still no consensus or unanimous commitment on behalf of universities to include first aid as essential content in the training of future education professionals

Update: AHA guidelines for CPR and emergency cardiovascular care.

Continuous review of current research and practice has resulted in updates to the American Heart Association guidelines for CPR and emergency cardiovascular care. This article examines the recommendations and their implementation into current healthcare practice.

Application of Bleeding Control Training in Occupational Settings.

Background: Uncontrolled blood loss is a primary source of preventable death after injury. Workplace injuries and fatalities are common, with most occurring in the agricultural/fishing/forestry/hunting or transportation/warehousing industries. Stop the Bleed (STB) training provides instruction on application of bleeding control methods to injured persons and is available to the general public. Method: We provided an overview of high-risk injury industries that could benefit from STB training. We also provided a review of the application of STB training and bleeding control methods in occupational settings with an emphasis on the role of the occupational health nurse. Findings: Suggested guidelines for occupational health nurses and employees in occupational settings who may respond to injured colleagues are provided. Implications for occupational health nurses are reviewed, including implementing STB training in the workplace and obtaining/storing bleeding control supplies. Resources for STB training, purchasing and storing bleeding control supplies, and general emergency response information are provided. Conclusions/application to practice: Occupational health nurses play a crucial role in emergency response in the workplace and have the ability to drive the implementation of STB training in their institution. Occupational health nurses often work in isolation or in small teams and serve as a primary resource for treatment of injured employees. Implementation of STB training for all employees is highly recommended given the limited availability of occupational health nurses in large or rural settings. Such training may reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with workplace injuries.

Improving Nurses' Behavioral Health Knowledge and Skills With Mental Health First Aid.

Given the current professional behavioral health workforce shortage, nursing professional development practitioners require educational resources to fully support registered nurses across settings in responding to patients with behavioral health symptoms. Mental Health First Aid is an 8-hour training to help nonprofessional bystanders assess a mental health crisis, provide initial help, and connect to supports and self-help resources in the local community. Mental Health First Aid was acceptable and useful to 60 RNs and can be supplemented with additional content.

Conteúdos de urgência/emergência na formação do enfermeiro generalista / Urgency/emergency course content in the education of generalist nurses / Contenido de urgencias/emergencias en la formación de enfermeros generalistas

Trata-se de estudo de caso único, analítico, com abordagem qualitativa, que objetivou conhecer os conteúdos de urgência e emergência ensinados em um curso de graduação em Enfermagem. A coleta de dados ocorreu de agosto a dezembro de 2014. Foram entrevistados 13 professores; observadas 18 aulas teórico-práticas de laboratório; e analisados 13 planos de ensino de disciplinas do curso, além do projeto pedagógico. A partir da análise de conteúdo, emergiram três categorias: critérios utilizados para a escolha dos conteúdos a serem trabalhados; conteúdos das aulas teóricas, aulas práticas de laboratório e aulas teórico-práticas: distribuição por período/fase; e conteúdos ministrados nas atividades teórico-práticas no serviço: dependência da demanda. Identificou-se a necessidade de aprofundar a discussão sobre os conteúdos a serem trabalhados, principalmente na definição daquilo que é prioritário, evitando a mera instrumentalização dos alunos alijada de raciocínio crítico, desenvolvendo as competências propostas para o perfil do egresso.

This unique analytical, qualitative case study aimed to identify the urgency and emergency content taught in an undergraduate nursing curriculum.Data were collected between August and December, 2014. In this study, 13 professors were interviewed, 18 theoretical and practical laboratory classeswere observed, and 13 subject syllabuses in addition to the pedagogical course project were analyzed. Content analysis identified three themes: 1.)criteria used for choosing the course content that should be taught; 2.) course content taught in theoretical/practical classes, in theoretical classes,and in practical laboratory classes and how they are allotted to semesters/phases; and 3.) course content taught in theoretical/practical activitiesperformed at health services: dependence on demand. This study identified several needs: 1.) to deepen the discussion about which contents shouldbe taught in undergraduate curricula and how priorities are and should be set in order to develop the proposed competence for graduate studentsand 2.) to avoid mere instrumentalization of students who do not have critical thinking skills that guide their learning processes.

Se trata de un estudio de caso único, analítico, de enfoque cualitativo, con el objeto de conocer el contenido de urgencias y emergencias que se enseña enel curso de grado en enfermería. La recogida de datos ocurrió entre agosto y diciembre de 2014. Se entrevistaron a 13 profesores; se observaron 18 clasesteórico-prácticas de laboratorio y se analizaron 13 planes de estudio de materias del curso, además del proyecto pedagógico. A partir del contenido delos análisis se definieron tres categorías: criterios utilizados para seleccionar los contenidos por trabajar; contenido de las clases teóricas, prácticas delaboratorio y teórico-prácticas: distribución por año / etapa; y contenidos de las actividades teórico-prácticas en el servicio: dependencia de la demanda. Seidentificó la necesidad de una mayor discusión sobre los contenidos por trabajar, sobre todo en la definición de aquello que es una prioridad, evitando lamera instrumentalización de los estudiantes sin formar pensamiento crítico, con miras a desarrollar las competencias propuestas para el perfil de salida.

Hope, hypothermia and human spirit: Refugee Support First Aid and Care Team.

Brighid Langtry reflects on her life-changing experiences as a volunteer medic with Refugee Support in 'The Jungle' camp in Calais.

Evaluación del entrenamiento continuado en primeros auxilios: intervención educativa en trabajadores del sector construcción, Perú / Evaluation of continuous training in first aid: educational intervention in construction workers, Peru

Objetivos: Determinar la variación del nivel de conocimiento de los trabajadores de una empresa de construcción, posterior a una intervención educativa continuada en primeros auxilios médicos. Métodos: Estudio longitudinal de tipo experimental (intervención educativa), en un grupo de trabajadores de Lima. Se los dividió aleatoriamente y a todos se les dio una misma capacitación basal. Se utilizaron tests validados localmente para la medición del nivel de conocimiento en cada fase. Se analizaron los resultados de la medición del conocimiento adquirido según el tipo de intervención. Resultados: El promedio del nivel de conocimiento teórico basal fue de 1,3 puntos (de 10 puntos posibles), que se triplicó a 4,6, posterior a la primera capacitación y finalmente disminuyó pasados los meses. Se encontró diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los promedios de notas teóricas según las intervenciones educativas que recibieron (p=0,035), pero los promedios finales teóricos no alcanzaron el objetivo establecido. Conclusiones: Si bien hubo una diferencia en las notas según el tipo de refuerzos, no fue suficiente para obtener un adecuado nivel de conocimientos del tema; es necesario saber si las capacitaciones brindadas aseguran que el trabajador esté adecuadamente entrenado, ya que no basta con capacitarlos, también se tiene que asegurar que retengan el conocimiento adquirido (AU)

Objectives: To determine the variation in the level of knowledge of the employees of a construction company, after a continuous educational intervention in medical first aid. Methods: Longitudinal experimental study (educational intervention) in a group of workers in Lima. They were divided randomly and all were given the same basal training; locally validated tests were used to measure the level of knowledge in each phase. P values were obtained to determine the differences between the averages by type of intervention. Results: The mean level of basal theoretical knowledge was 1.3 points (from 10 possible points), which tripled to 4.6 after the first training and finally reduced after months. Statistically significant differences were found between the averages of theoretical notes according to educational interventions received (p=0.035), but the theoretical final averages were disapproving. Conclusions: While there was a difference in the notes according to the type of reinforcements, it was not sufficient to obtain an adequate level of knowledge of the subject; is necessary to know whether the training ensure that workers are properly trained, and that is not enough to train them, you also have to ensure that they retain the knowledge gained (AU)

Necesidades de salud de la mujer mayor en el contexto de la atención primaria de salud: revisión integral / Necessidades de saúde da mulher idosa no contexto da atenção básica: revisão integrative / Health needs of the elderly woman in the context of primary health care: integrative review

Objetivos: Identificar producciones científicas sobre necesidades de salud de la mujer mayor en el contexto de la atención primaria y analizar qué aspectos se tratan en cuanto a las necesidades de salud de la mujer de edad avanzada en el contexto de la atención primaria. Método: Revisión integral con la cuestión de la búsqueda: ¿Cuáles son los conceptos tratados en la literatura sobre el tema de las necesidades de salud de la mujer mayor en el contexto de la atención primaria? La búsqueda se produjo en bases de datos LILACS y MEDline, en marzo de 2015. Criterios de inclusión: artículo en su totalidad; portugués, inglés o español y realidad brasileña. Resultados: La muestra de cinco artículos apunta necesidades asistenciales de la mujer en el ciclo reproductivo apoyado en perspectiva PNAISM. Es de destacar que el proceso salud-enfermedad es un fenómeno socialmente condicionado y no sólo biológico. Conclusiones: La importancia de avanzar hacia nuevos enfoques para el cuidado de la salud, explicando los motivos de la práctica profesional centrada en la atención integral a la mujer (AU)

Objetivos: identificar produções científicas sobre necessidades de saúde da mulher idosa no contexto da atenção básica e analisar que aspectos são abordados quanto as necessidades de saúde da mulher idosa no contexto da atenção básica. Método: revisão integrativa com questão de busca teve-se: Quais são as concepções abordadas na literatura quanto à temática necessidade de saúde da mulher idosa no contexto da atenção básica? A busca ocorreu nas bases LILACS e MEDline, em março de 2014. Como critérios de inclusão: artigo na íntegra; idiomas Português, Inglês ou Espanhol e realidade brasileira. Resultados: a amostra de cinco artigos aponta necessidades assistenciais da mulher no ciclo reprodutivo apoiado na perspectiva PNAISM. Destaca-se que o processo saúde doença é um fenômeno socialmente condicionado e não apenas biológico. Conclusões: à relevância de avançar para novas abordagens de cuidado em saúde, fundamentando a atuação profissional voltada para a integralidade da atenção à mulher

Objectives: To identify scientific production on health needs of the elderly woman in the context of primary care and analyze what aspects are addressed as the health needs of the elderly woman in the context of primary care. Method: Integrative review search question: What are the concepts addressed in the literature on the theme health needs of the elderly woman in the context of primary care? The search occurred in LILACS and MEDLINE databases, in March 2014. Inclusion criteria: article in its entirety; Portuguese, English or Spanish and Brazilian reality. Results: The sample of five articles points care needs of women in the reproductive cycle supported in PNAISM perspective. It is noteworthy that the health-disease process is a socially conditioned phenomenon and not just biological. Conclusions: On the importance of moving towards new health care approaches, giving reasons for professional practice focused on comprehensive care to women (AU)

Curso de primeiros socorros para candidatos à Carteira Nacional de Habilitação / First aid course for driver's license applicants

Introdução. A eficácia na aplicação dos primeiros socorros com a participação do leigo nas situações de emergência determina a sobrevivência das vítimas e aponta para a relevância de sua capacitação. Em âmbito nacional não existe programa modelo desta capacitação. Objetivos. Comparar o conhecimento dos alunos que participaram da capacitação em primeiros socorros do Curso de Formação de Condutores (CFC) com aqueles que participaram do curso elaborado e ministrado por profissional da saúde; adaptar, validar o conteúdo e testar a confiabilidade de questionário para avaliar conhecimentos de primeiros socorros de leigos; propor e aplicar programa para esta capacitação; identificar retenção do conteúdo dos participantes em ambos os cursos; e, comparar assimilação e retenção do conteúdo de ambos os grupos conforme a idade. Sujeitos e método. Estudo experimental em que se elaborou programa de capacitação teórica em primeiros socorros para leigos e o aplicou aos alunos do CFC divididos aleatoriamente em: Grupo Intervenção (GI) - participou do programa elaborado e Grupo Controle (GC) - do CFC. Mesmo questionário, composto por 29 questões fechadas, foi aplicado: Etapa I - antes, Etapa II - após e, Etapa III - três meses após participação na capacitação; adaptado e submetido à validação e teste de confiabilidade (estabilidade). Após a coleta, houve rearranjo conforme idade (GIA/GCA - idade inferior a 50 anos; GIB/GCB - superior ou igual a 50 anos). Atribuiu-se nota às respostas e o desempenho de cada indivíduo foi classificado: qualificado (7,1 a 10,0), pouco qualificado (5,0 a 7,0) e não qualificado (0 e 4,9). Resultados. Nove juízes (três leigos e seis especialistas) validaram o conteúdo e apenas 1/9 (11,2%) não considerou a parte do suporte básico de vida (SBV) abrangente devido à ausência de questão sobre reconhecimento da parada cardiorrespiratória...

Background. The effective use of first aid with the lay people involvement in emergencies determines the survival of victims and points to the relevance of their training. Nationally there is no standard for this training program. Aims: Compare the knowledge of the students who participated in the Driver's License Course (DLC) first aid training with those who attended the course prepared and delivered by a health professional; adapt, validate the content and test the questionnaire reliability to assess knowledge of first aid laity; propose and apply this training program, identify retention of the content from the participants in both courses, and compare assessment and content retention from both groups according to age. Subjects and method. Experimental study where theoretical training program in first aid was developed and applied randomly for DLC lay students DLC, divided into Intervention Group (IG) - participated in the prepared program, and Group Control (GC) - CFC. A questionnaire consisting in 29 closed questions was applied: Stage I - before Stage II - after, and Stage III - three months after participation in the training, tailored and subject to validation and reliability testing (stability). Afterward, there was rearrangement with age (IGA / CGA - age under 50 years; IGB / CGB - greater than or equal to 50 years). A grade was assigned to responses, and performance of each individual was classified: Qualified (7.1 to 10.0), unskilled (5.0 to 7.0) and unskilled (0 and 4.9). Results. Nine judges (three nonprofessionals and six experts) validated the content, and only 1/9 (11.2%) did not consider part of the basic life support (BLS) due to the absence of comprehensive question in recognizing cardiopulmonary arrest. Sixteen questions had agreement of 100.0% for clarity...

Evaluation of mental health first aid training in a diverse community setting.

Mental health first aid (MHFA) training has been disseminated in the community and has yielded positive outcomes in terms of increasing help-seeking behaviour and mental health literacy. However, there has been limited research investigating the effectiveness of this programme in multicultural communities. Given the increasing levels of multiculturalism in many countries, as well as the large number of barriers presented to these groups when trying to seek help for mental illnesses, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of MHFA in these settings. A total of 458 participants, who were recruited from multicultural organizations, participated in a series of MHFA training courses. Participants completed questionnaires pre and post the training course, and 6-month follow-up interviews were conducted with a subsample of participants. Findings suggested that MHFA training increased participant recognition of mental illnesses, concordance with primary care physicians about treatments, confidence in providing first aid, actual help provided to others, and a reduction in stigmatizing attitudes. A 6-month follow up also yielded positive long-term effects of MHFA. The results have implications for further dissemination and the use of MHFA in diverse communities. In addition, the results highlight the need for mental health training in health-care service providers.